COMMENTS:Sally Wagih

It is obvious that Pauwels takes the material of her book from both primary and secondary sources. Her reliance upon(use) authoritative sources makes her use books ,references, articles from educational journals and newspapers which is considered the raw material that researchers study and analyze .In fact, the previous sources are considered primary sources. For instance ,pauwels uses FASOLD,RAYPH THE SOCIOLINGUISTICS OF SOCIETY.OXFORD:BLACKWELL.(1984).and WOMEN AND WIFE:SOCIAL AND SEMANTIC SHIFTS IN ENGLISH (RE-WRITE). Besides, she gets support from reviews and critical studies which are secondary sources. For instance, Frank, francinew.(1989)language planning, language reform ,and language change, a review of guidelines for non –sexist usage . In Francine Frank and Paula Treichler,pp.105-36.She also uses unpublished essay, M.A. Applied linguistic programs. In addition, a review article : language, sex and gender and sexist language by McConnel Ginet, Sally. It is clear that the book is done by a remarkable accuracy and hard work .As she gets references from Spanish like Frank,Francine w(1985)EL GENERO GRAMATICAL Y LOS CAMBIOS SOCIALES ESPANOL ACTUAL. Being ahighly-cultured writer she even reads references against her ideas. For example,AN ANALYSIS OF CLASSIC ARGUMENTS AGAINST CHANGING SEXIST LANGUAGE. She aims to give her work credibility and to make an effective and successful book tackling the idea of sexism

This part needs re-writing. Go like this: the author use both primary and secondary sources. As for primary XX she uses YYY, for example.. As for second she uses YYY for example.

Opponents of non-sexist language see that the usage of alternatives as he/she or the neuter "person"are confusing ,cumbersome and offensive variants.As it is common in public discussions to take it for granted that the usage of the word 'man' to refer to humanity or any person whether male or female,is to engage in sexist language. They believe that the use of 'man' or 'he' to refer to male and to both males and females means that maleness is more fundamental than femaleness .They also support their argument by the story of Adam and Eve in the book of Genesis. Eve is the first woman,she is created from Adam's rib for the purpose of being his companion. The implication is that Adam is more fundamental than Eve .Furthermore, when Aristotle says "man is a rational being"he doesn't mean males only but he means humanity. This according to feminist argument reflects patriarchal dominance and so sexism. In the end ,opponents claim that gender, in any language, is just an expression of the affinity of understanding for logical divisions and hierarchies.Blaubergs noted that there is no evidence (existed that)(in) cultures using a sexist language had any more sex discrimination than those using a liberated language. Proponents of this view suggested that language is a trivial concern and feminists should spend their energies on more important forms of sexism e.g economic oppression of women ,or physical violence . They also see that there is no freedom of speech as the non-sexist guidelines were characterized as a form of censorship .Besides, they belive that the so-called sexist language is not sexist as using the masculine generics were not sexist because the user of the term do not have the sexist intentions Furthermore, change is too difficult and impractical .Thus, these arguments suggests that "changing sexist language would involve the rewriting of literary works ,the idioms of the language and even historical events".On the contrary , supporters of non-sexist language as Anne pauwels believe that non-sexist language has the potential to change the way people think about cultural norms and gender roles .They believe that the masculine is always preferable to the feminine. For example, when the sex of something is unknown it is always referred as'he' .In addition , they call for having gender-specific titles and gender specific pronouns. They recognize that "traditional language fails to reflect the presence of women in modern society.

PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE pay attention to grammar and spelling. I sense carelessness in writing.

COMMENTS: Sally Wagih Ali Hassan

"Women changing language"is a book written by Anne pauwels.It is first published in the united states of America by Addison wesley longman Inc,NewYork in 1998.Anne pauwels is a professor of linguistics, Dean of the facualty of Arts, humanities and social sciences. Her research interests and expertise draw upon two areas of sociolinguistics,the first is about language in contact and linguistic diversity and the second is about language and gender which is crystalized in this book.Actually (<-- TAKE THIS PART OUT). The title of Anne Pauwels book "WOMEN CHANGING LANGUAGE"reflects a feminist perspective.Anne pauwels has a challenging attitude as she seeks to eliminate gender discrimination and calls for the equal treatment of women and men in all spheres of life even in language.This book tackles sexism in language and how sexes are in an unequal status.It also sheds light on the feminist impact on language and the role of women as makers of meaning.In fact, the book begins with a comprehensive introduction about the bias concerns the portrayal of men as the norm and women as the appendage. This phenomenon is called linguistic sexism. It also includes the description and the discussion of feminist language reform from a language planning perspective.It reveals women as activists and as language planners proposing as well as implementing changes. Women's subordination in society and that there is a link between women's subordinate status in society and the androcentrism in language.(INCOMPLETE) The book also includes a well-structured table of content.It begins with a publisher's acknowledgements,author's acknowledgements where the author presents her gratitude to her colleagues,friends and feminist organisations who have provided her with the inspiration for this book.She also thanks the editors who commented on the book.(NOT IMPORTANT) The book is divided into seven books ordered chronologically.Firstly, It starts with informing the reader about language planning,how is language is planned and who are language planners are.Secondly,she tackles how sexism works in language.Thirdly,pauwels asked should sexist language be changed and elaborates its answer perfectly.Fourthly,the author presents the way in which sexist language should/may/could be changed.Fifthly,Pauwels implements non- sexist language change.Then she makes evaluation of(evaluates) feminist language change.Finally,she asked a question is the change occured or not? Moreover,There are concluding remarks,appendix,bibliography,author index,in addition to subject index to smplify the method of understanding.There is no doubt that(AVOID using this type of assertive phrases) Pauwels succeeded in presenting her point of view to convince the reader with feminst(SPELLING) language reform to reach the elimination of sexism in language Sally: In addition to the comments in red, make sure that tenses in the review are consistent. Usually the present is used in reviews. Whatever the tense is, be consistent.

COMMENTS: Sally Wagih Ali Hassan

hi dr khaled, I tried like Radwa to insert a table but I can't so I write the content as sentences See the comments at Radwa's.

COMMENTS: Sally Wagih Ali Hassan

Anne Pauwels is a highly-cultured (no exaggeration) writer who reads(relies on) various references, books and articles to support her ideas. At the end of the book, there are a bibliography full of names of authenticated references for famous writers as Jernudd and Hellinger. This shows the accuracy of her information. Besides, she attached to her book a section called ''concluding remarks'' where she gather(s)(summarizes) the ideas of the book and she talks about her aim in using certain systems instead of the others as the guidelines for instance, which is helpful in giving some insight into the topic of the discriminatory language and its alternatives. She says in this section: ''In this book I have been concerned with documenting and discussing women's efforts to address and eliminate the problems surrounding the portrayal of the sexes in language and the treatment of women and men in language practices''.p.223 As for using illustrations, Pauwels provides striking(find another word) illustrations for instance, the usage for alternatives for non sexist language namely; guidelines.She mentions the avoidance of using(salesgirl,man,chairman,policeman)and using instead(saleswoman,human being or person,chair or head or chairperson,police officer ) respectively.Furthermore, pauwels provides examples from spanish;she mentions the usage of(los hombres y mujeres o la humanidad)instead of(el hombre),in addition,(el cuerpo humano )instead of(el cuerpo del hombre)."This is an EXTRACT FROM PROPUESTAS PARA EVITAR EL SEXISMO EN EL LENGUAJE,INSTITUTO DE LA MUJER, MADRID 1989".So by using those examples she tries to illustrate how to implement non–sexist language.Moreover,the reader becomes aware of the discrepancies between the sexist and non-sexist expressions through the genuine choice of examples.

Good part. Just take care of the comments.

COMMENTS: Sally Wagih Ali Hassan

Actually, ANNE PAUWELS is a wonderful(find a less impressionistic word) writer who tries to change gender-baised discrimination in language. Consequently, she uses (a) simple and understandable language to convey her point of view to the target audience who can be students in of a language classroom , members of a congregation , journalists ,editors ,all public ,all users of a certain language in addition to all members of (a) speech community . Pauwels also simplifies her ideas in her introduction by mentioning every chapter and the information tackled in. Furthermore ,her style of writing varies between formal and informal as she uses conversational language in addition to first person singular in showing the reader what is tackled in every chapter,(start a new sentence) for example, (she says) "In chapter 4 I discussed the specific aims and strategies which feminist language planners which to achieve or use",In chapter6,I shall discuss the various negative reactions against non-sexist language reform drawing upon Hellingers(1990)model p.173". In addition ,she abides by using coherent markers in paragraphes which make the meaning clearer. But pauwels never use colloquial words at all.As for the development of her ideas , Pauwels moves step by step. She starts in chapter 1 by mentioning the meaning of language planning ,language reform and sexism in language . Pauwels mentions the definitions of cooper of language planning, and she also advocates Cooper's point of view to review definitions and descriptions as who plan what for whom and how in order for the reader to understand the frame work within which feminist language reform is placed. Therefore,her ideas are well – organized and developed respectively point by point (Long sentence. Split it into 2 smaller sentence) .Actually,she defined her concepts clearly and there is no area not tackled by Anne Pauwels as she even mentions the view of the opponents of the idea of sexism in language . In fact,her supporting materials are convincing as she uses for every idea she mentions examples from English language besides other languages as German, Spanish,and French. COMMENTS: Good. Just take care of my in-text comments.